TALAK MELALUI WHATSAPP/MEDIA SOSIAL, PERCERAIAN ONLINE, PROSEDUR PENGADILAN AGAMA, PERLINDUNGAN HAK PEREMPUAN DAN ANAK

Abstract

The development of digital communication technology has changed the pattern of interaction within families, including the submission of divorce statements via WhatsApp and social media. This phenomenon raises questions about the legal position of the declaration of divorce and the protection of the rights of women and children. This study aims to analyze the legal status of divorce statements through WhatsApp based on Islamic law and Indonesian positive law, the mechanism of divorce through religious courts, as well as the protection of women's and children's rights. The research uses normative legal methods with legislation, conceptual, and case approaches through literature studies. Primary and secondary legal materials were analyzed descriptively-analytically by linking the concept of divorce in Islamic law, the provisions of divorce in Indonesia, and the development of digital technology. The results showed that the divorce statement via WhatsApp cannot be judged solely on the content of the message, but must take into account the will of the conveying party, the authenticity of the message, and the conditions under which the statement was made. Digital Media does not automatically replace divorce procedures under national law. For Muslims, divorce must be filed and decided through a religious court in order to obtain legal certainty regarding marital status and its consequences. The process also ensures the fulfillment of women's and children's rights, including livelihood, upbringing, education, and economic rights. This study confirms the importance of adaptive application of law to technological developments while ensuring legal certainty and Family Protection.

 Abstrak. Perkembangan teknologi komunikasi digital telah mengubah pola interaksi dalam keluarga, termasuk penyampaian surat cerai melalui WhatsApp dan media sosial. Fenomena ini menimbulkan pertanyaan tentang kedudukan hukum deklarasi cerai dan perlindungan hak-hak perempuan dan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis status hukum surat cerai melalui WhatsApp berdasarkan hukum Islam dan hukum positif Indonesia, mekanisme perceraian melalui pengadilan agama, serta perlindungan hak-hak perempuan dan anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan legislasi, konseptual, dan kasus melalui studi pustaka. Materi hukum primer dan sekunder dianalisis secara deskriptif-analitis dengan mengaitkan konsep perceraian dalam hukum Islam, ketentuan perceraian di Indonesia, dan perkembangan teknologi digital. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa surat cerai melalui WhatsApp tidak dapat dinilai hanya dari isi pesan, tetapi harus mempertimbangkan kehendak pihak pengirim, keaslian pesan, dan syarat dibuatnya pernyataan tersebut. Media Digital tidak secara otomatis menggantikan prosedur perceraian menurut hukum nasional. Bagi umat Islam, perceraian harus diajukan dan diputuskan melalui pengadilan agama untuk mendapatkan kepastian hukum mengenai status perkawinan dan akibatnya. Proses tersebut juga menjamin terpenuhinya hak-hak perempuan dan anak, termasuk mata pencaharian, pendidikan, pendidikan, dan hak ekonomi. Studi ini menegaskan pentingnya penerapan hukum yang adaptif terhadap perkembangan teknologi sekaligus menjamin kepastian hukum dan Perlindungan Keluarga.